Integrating a PI Heater Into Compact OEM Assemblies

https://thermal-element-journal.fairmontdigest.com/posts/kapton-heater-maintenance-and-troubleshooting-guide

In sensors, a pi heater must deliver heat in a controlled way. It uses a thin resistive foil circuit laminated in polyimide film. One useful trait is fast response. Still, local hot spots can change the result